KADINLARIN BARIŞ İNŞASINDAKİ KATKILARI: ORTA DOĞU DENEYİMLERİNDEN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BULGULAR
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DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17477018Anahtar Kelimeler:
Kadınlar, Barış İnşası, Orta Doğu, Toplumsal Cinsiyet ve Çatışma, Kadın Barış ve Güvenlik (WPS), Çatışma ÇözümüÖzet
Amaç: Bu makale, Lübnan, Filistin, Irak ve İran örnekleri üzerinden Orta Doğu’da kadınların barış inşasına katkılarını incelemektedir. Kadınların resmi müzakerelere, taban inisiyatiflerine ve çatışma sonrası yeniden yapılanma süreçlerine katılımını analiz etmekte; bu katılımı kolaylaştıran ya da kısıtlayan koşulları ortaya koymaktadır.
Yöntem: Karşılaştırmalı vaka çalışması yaklaşımı benimsenmiş; 2019-2025 dönemine ait nitel veriler ve politika belgeleri sentezlenmiştir. Kadınların rollerini dört temel barış inşası ekseni katılım, koruma, önleme ve yardım/iyileşme çerçevesinde haritalandırmak için yönlendirilmiş içerik analizi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: Bulgular, Lübnan’ın Ulusal Eylem Planı ile kadın katılımını kurumsallaştırdığını ancak siyasi ve ekonomik istikrarsızlık nedeniyle uygulamada zorluklar yaşadığını göstermektedir. Filistin’de kadınlar yerel barış diyaloglarında aktif rol üstlenmiş, ancak resmi müzakerelerdeki temsilleri sınırlı kalmıştır. Irak’ta ikinci Ulusal Eylem Planı, kadınların güvenlik sektörü reformu ve toplumsal rehabilitasyon süreçlerine katılımını güçlendirmiştir. İran’da ise kısıtlayıcı ortamlar içinde dahi taban düzeyindeki sivil girişimler, çatışma önleme ve toplumsal dayanıklılıkta önemli katkılar sunmuştur. Ortak bir bulgu olarak, kadınların barış süreçlerine daha etkin şekilde dâhil edildiği durumlarda daha sürdürülebilir ve toplumsal temelli sonuçlara ulaşıldığı görülmektedir.
Sonuç: Orta Doğu’da kadınlar barış süreçlerini şekillendirmede önemli roller üstlenmektedir; ancak yapısal ve sistemik engeller, özellikle karar alma düzeyindeki etkilerini sınırlamaktadır. Kadın örgütlerine kaynak sağlanması, kurumsal mekanizmaların güçlendirilmesi ve arabuluculuk çerçevelerine toplumsal cinsiyet uzmanlığının entegre edilmesi, kapsayıcı ve kalıcı barışın tesisi için kritik adımlar olarak öne çıkmaktadır.
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